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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 78(5): 328-331, Sep.-Oct. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761516

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTLife expectancy is increasing in most countries. With increasing age, many individuals may develop involutional ophthalmic diseases, such as eyelid aging. Dermatochalasis, ptosis, ectropion, and entropion are common disorders in middle-aged and older adults. This review outlines the pathophysiology and clinical management of these involutional eyelid disorders. Recently, a decrease in elastic fibers with ultrastructural abnormalities and an overexpression of elastin-degrading enzymes have been demonstrated in involutional ectropion and entropion. This may be the consequence of local ischemia, inflammation, and/or chronic mechanical stress. Eyelid aging with progressive loss of tone and laxity may affect the ocular surface and adnexal tissues, resulting in different clinical symptoms and signs. Surgical management depends on the appropriate correction of the underlying anatomical defect.


RESUMOA expectativa de vida está aumentando na maioria dos países. Com o envelhecimento, muitos indivíduos desenvolverão doenças oculares crônicas e involucionais, tais como o envelhecimento palpebral. Dermatocálase, ptose, ectrópio e entrópio são doenças frequentes em adultos e idosos. Esta revisão destaca a fisiopatologia e a clínica de doenças palpebrais involucionais. Recentemente, uma diminuição de fibras elásticas com anormalidades ultraestruturais e um aumento de enzimas degradantes de elastina foram demonstrados em ectrópio e entrópio involucionais. Isto pode ser consequência de isquemia local, inflamação e/ou estresse mecânico crônico. O envelhecimento palpebral com perda progressiva de tônus e flacidez pode afetar a superfície ocular e os anexos oculares, resultando em sinais e sintomas clínicos diferentes. O tratamento cirúrgico depende da correção apropriada do defeito anatômico subjacente.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Eyelid Diseases/pathology , Eyelid Diseases/physiopathology , Eyelids/pathology , Eyelids/physiopathology , Skin Aging/physiology , Elastic Tissue/physiopathology , Elastin/physiology , Eyelid Diseases/surgery , Eyelids/surgery
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(3): 907-913, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608679

ABSTRACT

The microfibril-elastin fiber system, an important constituent of the extracellular matrix, was studied in the rat left atrioventricular valve to investigate the interrelationship of oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers in left atrioventricular valve morphology. The elastin fibers forms continuous bundles observed along the length of the valve in atrial and ventricular layers and oriented parallel to endothelium. The elaunin and oxytalan fibers are distributed in the thickest fiber bundles along the length of the valve. The thinner fibers which radiated towards both the atrial and spongiosa layers, either as isolated or arborescent fiber bundles were identified as oxytalan fibers. With transmission electron microscopy elastic fibers were seen mainly in the atrial layer. The spongiosa layer was composed of elaunin and oxytalan fibers and ventricular layer showed elaunin fibers arranged in continuous bundles parallel to the endothelium. Both fibrillin and elastin were seen and identified by immunocytochemistry with colloidal gold in the left atrioventricular valve spongiosa and atrial layers. These observations allow us to suggest that the microfibril-elastin fiber system plays a role in the mechanical protection and maintenance of the integrity of the rat left atrioventricular valve.


Fue estudiado el sistema de fibras microfibrillas-elastina, un componente importante de la matriz extracelular, en la valva atrioventricular izquierda de rata, con la finalidad de investigar la interrelación de oxitalán, elaunin y fibras elásticas en la morfología de dicha valva. Las fibras de elastina forman paquetes continuos a lo largo de la valva en las capas atriales y ventriculares, orientadas paralelamente al endotelio. Las fibras de elaunin y oxitalán se distribuyen en haces de fibras más gruesas a lo largo de la valva. Las fibras más delgadas, las cuales se irradiaban hacia las capas atrial y esponjosa, ya sea como haces de fibras aisladas o arborescentes, fueron identificadas como fibras oxitalán. En la capa atrial a través de microscopía electrónica de transmisión se observaron principalmente fibras elásticas. La capa esponjosa estaba compuesta por fibras de elaunin y oxitalán; la capa ventricular mostró fibras de elaunin dispuestas en haces continuos paralelos al endotelio. Tanto fibrilina y elastina se observaron e identificaron por inmunocitoquímica con oro coloidal en las capas esponjosa y atrial de la valva atrioventricular izquierda. Estas observaciones nos permiten sugerir que el sistema de fibras de elastina-microfibrillas tienen participación en la protección mecánica y la mantención de la integridad de la valva atrioventricular izquierda en la rata.


Subject(s)
Rats , Elastin/physiology , Elastin/genetics , Elastin/ultrastructure , Microfibrils/genetics , Microfibrils/ultrastructure , Heart Valves/anatomy & histology , Heart Valves/innervation , Heart Valves/ultrastructure , Rats, Wistar/anatomy & histology
4.
Arch. med. res ; 27(1): 77-82, 1996. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-200295

ABSTRACT

Smooth muscle cells from thoracic aortas of 12-week-old rats were cultured on elastin membranes for up to 21 days. The cell cultures were examined using light microscopy, trasmission and scanning electron microscopy. The contractile phenotype characteristic for resident arterial wall muscle cell changed to the synthetic phenotype. In the synthetic state, the muscle cells contain few filaments, but a substantial amount of orgenelles are involved with synthesis. The cells grown on elastin substrates showed a multilayered pattern with the formation of nodules. Cell degeneration was present from dayeight and increased with time. At the end of the experiment, the center of the multilayered areas showed degenerative changes with numerous foam cells of smooth muscle origin, areas of necrosis and a considerable amount of calcium deposit. Our experimental model would be valuable in the investigation of the pathological changes associated with smooth muscle cell proliferation in vessels


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Aorta, Thoracic/cytology , Cells, Cultured/physiology , Culture Media/metabolism , Elastin/physiology , Histocytochemistry/trends , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/growth & development , Rats, Sprague-Dawley/surgery
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 70(2): 97-101, mar.-abr. 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-175824

ABSTRACT

Fundamento - As fibras do sistema elástico da derme humana normal já foram amplamente estudadas; entretanto, carecem de estudos em patologia tumoral cutânea. Objetivos - Identificaçäo e distribuiçäo das fibras do sistema elástico, ao microscópio óptico, no carcinoma basocelular nódulo ulcerativo da pele humana exposta ao Sol. Método - Foram estudados vinte doentes com carcinoma basocelular nódulo-ulcerativo. As peças cirúrgicas foram histologicamente processadas e coradas pela hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e, seletivamente, para as fibras do sistema elástico. Resultados - Mediante técnicas de coloraçäo seletivas, o estudo revelou completa desestruturaçäo, fragmentaçäo e ausência do padräo normal das fibras do sistema elástico nos locais onde se desenvolve um carcinoma basocelular nódulo-ulcerativo, bem como presença de grande número de mastócitos entre as massas e lóbulos tumorais. Conclusöes - Observam-se, nos locais onde se desenvolve um carcinoma basocelular nódulo-ulcerativo da pele humana exposta ao Sol: 1. virtual ausência das fibras oxitalânicas, elaunínicas e eláticas na regiäo adjacente à junçäo demoepidérmica; 2. completa alteraçäo do modelo normal de distribuiçäo das fibras do sistema elático da pele fina; e 3. grande número de mastócitos, delineando as massas e lóbulos tumorais


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/ultrastructure , Skin Neoplasms , Sunlight/adverse effects , Elastic Tissue/ultrastructure , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery , Elastin/physiology , Histological Techniques , Skin/physiology
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